cp <source> <dest>
--- Copies the source file to dest
mv <source> <dest>
--- Moves source to dest (if a directory, else it renames source to dest)
cd <directory>
--- Changes the current directory
pwd
--- Shows the current directory
mkdir <directory>
--- Creates a directory
rm <directory>
--- Deletes a directory, if empty
rm -R <directory>
--- Deletes a whole directory with subdirectories (like DELTREE <directory>)
rm <file>
--- Deletes
a file
chmod userMODErights --- Changes the mode of a file user=
(u)ser (current user)
(g)roup (group of current user)
(o)ther (all, except user&group)
(a)ll (all :) )
MODE=(+) add rights
(-) remove rights
rights=(r)eadable
(w)ritable
e(x)ecutable
df
--- Shows free disk space
find / -name "<file>" ---
Searches the whole tree for a file (> DIR <FILE> /S)
whereis <file>
--- Searches the path for a file
grep -l "<Text>" <files> --- Shows all files,
which contain the given <Text>
cmp <file1> <file2>
--- Compares <file1> with <file2>
diff <file1> <file2>
--- Compares <file1> with <file2> and show the difference
between them
head <file>
--- Shows
the first 10 lines of the file
tail <file>
--- Shows the last 10 lines of the file
nl <file>
--- Shows the lines of the file numbered
sort <file>
---
Shows the lines of the file in sorted order
strings <file>
--- Shows only the readable strings
of a file
wc <file>
---
Shows lines, words, bytes of a file
file <file>
--- Gives information about a file
touch <file> -a -m -c -t MMDDhhmmCCYY --- Changes the timestamp of
a file
-a (Change Access-time)
-m (Change Modification-time)
-c (Don't create files, that don't exist) pico [file]
--- An easy to use ASCII-Editor.
script <file>
--- Copies the text,
that is entered between this command and the "exit"-command in <file>
lpr <file>
--- Prints a file
lprm <file>
--- Removes file
from Printing Queue
sudo <file>
--- Executes file
with SuperUser-Rights (Only when user is in SUID-List, else it will be reported
to root)
Part 2: Working with archives
-----------------------------
tar -cvf <archive.tar> <files>
--- Creates <archive.tar> and stores the files
(uncompressed) in this archive
tar -xpvf <archive.tar> <files>
--- Extracts the files from the archive
tar -tf <archive.tar> | less
--- Shows the contents of an archive
gzip <file>
--- Compresses the <file> gzip can only compress one file, so
you'll have to archive the files with tar and then gzip them. This will give
you a file.tar.gz
tar -zxf <file.tar.gz>
--- Decompresses and Extracts the files
tar -M -cvf /dev/fd0h1440 <files> --- Creates a Multi-Volume-Archive
(for floppy discs)
tar -M -xpvf /dev/fd0h1440 --- Extracts
a Multi-Volume-Archive
Part 3: Working with filesystems
--------------------------------
Formatting a Floppy Disc.
Step 1 -- Format the disc
fdformat /dev/fd0H1440
Step 2 -- Create a Filesystem on the disc
mkfs -t <fs> -c /dev/fd0H1440
<fs> stands for the
filesystem. This can be ext2/minix/msdos (for floppys normal is minix)
To use a floppy disc or a cd-rom, you'll have to mount them before.
mount <device> <directory>
Floppy: mount /dev/fd0 /floppy (you can use any directory, but floppy would
be normal, I think.)
CD-ROM: mount /dev/hdc /cdrom
Part 4: Working in Networks
---------------------------
Connect to a remote machine, and execute programs on it.
telnet remote.host.org --- Connect to a remote machine
You can then execute programs on the remote machine in the terminal.
uname -a
--- Gives information about the current system
w
--- Shows who
is currently logged in and what he is running
finger
--- Shows who is logged in. With "finger
<user>" you can get more information about specific users
passwd
--- Change User Password
write <user> [<tty>] --- Write a
message to <user>. If <user> is logged on more than one terminal,
you can specify it in <tty>. To answer you, the <user> must also
start "write"
chsh
--- Changes the login shell
Part 5: Programming
-------------------
cc -o <Output file> <Source file> --- compiles
the Source file into Output file
gcc -o <Output file> <Source file> --- same
gcc -o <Output file> -l<libname> --- links
the library <libname> to the file
The C functions are declared in manual 3 ==> man 3 <function>
Part 6: Doing jobs in the background
------------------------------------
If you add an & at the end of a command, it will start
in the background. Exmpl: fdformat /dev/fd0h1440 &
ps -a --- Shows
all current processes
kill <PID> --- End process
kill -9 <PID> --- Forces the process to end
You can stop the processes on two ways and make them to jobs.
CTRL-C --- Stop process
CTRL-Z --- Stop process temporarily
bg <job> --- Brings a job into background
fg <job> --- Brings a job into foreground
kill <%job> --- End job
jobs --- Shows all
current jobs
Part 7: Escape Sequences
------------------------
\a Bell
\b backspace
\f feed
\n linefeed
\r carriage return
\t tab horizontal
\v tab vertical
Ending
------
This text should just provide some basic skills, so that
you can start using UNIX. I know it isn't declared very much, but i like short
tables, being able to lookup a certain command. If you need to know more
specific switches you can always consult the manuals with: man <command>.