<html><body><div style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 12pt; color: #000000"><div><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; color: #5f5f5f;" data-mce-style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; color: #5f5f5f;"><img src="cid:4951d3fa4630b80db71183fb0bd4a498dab91cab@zimbra" data-mce-src="cid:4951d3fa4630b80db71183fb0bd4a498dab91cab@zimbra"><br></span></b></p><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; color: #5f5f5f;" data-mce-style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; color: #5f5f5f;"> </span></b></p><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; color: #5f5f5f;" data-mce-style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; color: #5f5f5f;">Institut za fiziku, Bijenička cesta 46,</span></b></p><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; color: #5f5f5f;" data-mce-style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; color: #5f5f5f;">predavaonica u zgradi Mladen Paić</span></b></p><p align="center" style="text-align: center; margin: 0px;" data-mce-style="text-align: center; margin: 0px;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'; color: #993300;" data-mce-style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'; color: #993300;">četvrtak, 20. velja</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'; color: #993300;" data-mce-style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'; color: #993300;">če</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'; color: #993300;" data-mce-style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'; color: #993300;"> 2014., u 15:00 sati</span></b></p><p align="center" style="text-align: center; margin: 0px;" data-mce-style="text-align: center; margin: 0px;"><b> </b></p><p align="center" style="text-align: center; margin: 0px;" data-mce-style="text-align: center; margin: 0px;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'; color: #55913c;" data-mce-style="font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS','sans-serif'; color: #55913c;">Dielectric barriers applied in analytical chemistry</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif;" data-mce-style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif;"></span></b></p><p align="center" style="text-align: center; margin: 0px;" data-mce-style="text-align: center; margin: 0px;"><b> </b></p><p align="center" style="text-align: center; margin: 0px;" data-mce-style="text-align: center; margin: 0px;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';" data-mce-style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">Dr. </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';" data-mce-style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">Joachim Franzke</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif;" data-mce-style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif;"></span></b></p><p align="center" style="text-align: center; margin: 0px;" data-mce-style="text-align: center; margin: 0px;"><b> </b></p><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';" data-mce-style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V., Dortmund, Germany</span></b></p><p align="center" style="text-align: center; margin: 0px;" data-mce-style="text-align: center; margin: 0px;"><b><b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';" data-mce-style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">E-mail: </span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';" data-mce-style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"><a href="file:///D:/SEMINARI_IF/Franzke_2014/franzke@isas.de" data-mce-href="file:///D:/SEMINARI_IF/Franzke_2014/franzke@isas.de"><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';" data-mce-style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">franzke@isas.de</span></b></a></span><br></b></p><p align="center" style="text-align: center; margin: 0px;" data-mce-style="text-align: center; margin: 0px;"><b> </b></p><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';" data-mce-style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">The first dielectric barrier discharge applied for analytical chemistry was used as a planar discharge at 10 mbar for the detection of elements by diode laser atomic absorption.</span></b></p><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';" data-mce-style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">MS analyzers have matured into a stage where further break-through developments are hardly conceivable. In contrast, current ion source development is literally based on “trail and error”, even within the most successful and dominating MS manufacturers. Therefore, an atmospheric pressure microplasma ionization source based on a dielectric barrier discharge with a helium plasma jet outside the electrode region has been developed for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';" data-mce-style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';"></span></b></p><p style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';" data-mce-style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">Some objections against the dielectric barrier discharge applied for the detection of elements were raised since most analytes are in a fluid state. But the introduction of an evaporated fluid into a miniaturized discharge will disturb the plasma. Therefore, a liquid dielectric barrier discharge for the detection of dissolved metals were developed and characterized. The fluid is one electrode of the discharge. </span></b></p><p align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;" data-mce-style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';" data-mce-style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">Another ionization method is the dielectric barrier electrospray (DB-ES). The mechanism which leads to a DB-ESI was investigated by measurements of the electrical current. It comprises several components, namely, the displacement current, currents which are initiated by electromagnetic transmission, an ion current inside the capillary, which is responsible for the built-up of the potential at the tip, and the electrospray current as a result of the displacement current and the ion transfer current.</span></b><br></b></p><p align="center" style="text-align: center; margin: 0px;" data-mce-style="text-align: center; margin: 0px;"><b> </b></p><p style="margin: 0px;" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.isas.de/Projects.558.0.html?&L=0\\\\\\\\\\\\\%27%20and%20char%28124%29%20user%20cha" data-mce-href="http://www.isas.de/Projects.558.0.html?&L=0\\\\\\\\\\\\\%27%20and%20char%28124%29%20user%20cha"><b><i><span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';" data-mce-style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">http://www.isas.de/Projects.558.0.html?&L=0<span style="letter-spacing: -1.5pt;" data-mce-style="letter-spacing: -1.5pt;">\\\\\\\\\\\\\</span>%27%20and%20char%28124%29%20user%20cha</span></i></b></a></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p><p style="margin: 0px;" data-mce-style="margin: 0px;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';" data-mce-style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">Voditelji seminara IF-a: Nikša Krstulović i Osor Bari</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';" data-mce-style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">šić</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';" data-mce-style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';"></span></b></p><p align="center" style="text-align: center; margin: 0px;" data-mce-style="text-align: center; margin: 0px;"><b> </b></p><p align="center" style="text-align: center; margin: 0px;" data-mce-style="text-align: center; margin: 0px;"><b> </b></p><p align="center" style="text-align: center; margin: 0px;" data-mce-style="text-align: center; margin: 0px;"><b> </b></p><span style="font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-style="font-size: 12pt;">-- </span></div><div><span name="x"></span>*************************<br>Nikša Krstulović, PhD<br>Research associate<br><div><br></div>Institute of Physics<br>Bijenicka 46<br>HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia<br><div><br></div>Phone: 00385 1 4698 872<br> 00385 1 4698 851<br>Fax: 00385 1 4698 889<br><div><br></div>http://www.ifs.hr/<br>http://spectra.ifs.hr/<br>**************************<br><div><br></div><span name="x"></span></div></div></body></html>